Global International Markets Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Global International Markets - Research Paper Example According to Wensley, global strategic market is â€Å"initiating, negotiating, and managing acceptable exchange relationships with key interests groups or constituencies, in the pursuit of sustainable competitive advantage within specific markets, on the basis of long run consumer, channel and other stakeholder franchise† (Wensley, 1982). The Wal-Mart Wal-Mart is one of the largest retail stores chain in the world and was established in 1962. On the basis of the strategic perspective, the Wal-Mart is structured into three main segments namely, Wal-Mart United States, Sam’s Club and Wal-Mart International. According to the statistical report of the company, in 2011, the Wal-Mart’s revenues constitute up to about three-fifth of the United States market. The web portal, Wal-Mart.com also contributes heavily to the total turnover of the company, constituting nearly 8% of the total revue through online retail operations (Wal-Mart 2011). Today, the company operates th eir business in over 15 countries, accounting for 25% of their net sales. Their selling policy includes promotion techniques of discounting outlets, restaurants, superstores, retail stores and multiple formats of outlets, to gain the maximum satisfaction of their customers especially in countries like China and Japan. The retail and online operations of the Sam’s club contributes about 10.5% in terms of annual revenues to the company. Moreover, the company holds the top position for employing over 2.1 million people, which remains bigger than all other major retailers (Carrefour, Tesco and Metro AG) put together (Wal-Mart 2009).Besides, the company functions nearly 3000 superstores, 720 discount outlets, and more than 600 Sam’s Club outlets in the United States. Globalization of Markets Globalization of Markets refers to the integration of national markets into one large global marketplace. Today international trade has become much easier as the hurdles of crossing the borders for trade is eradicated. All companies like to offer a standard product worldwide. However, there are considerable variances existing among each market such as, consumer tastes and preferences, cultural variations, and legal regulations. Such variations in the international market make a company to adopt strategies that may match with the conditions of a country’s market. Wall-Mart may still require diversifying their products across each country according the local tastes and preferences. Globalization of production The term globalization of production is associated with sourcing of goods and services from various locations across the globe while taking advantage of the variations in cost and quality of factors of production across the regions. Here, Wal-Mart operates over 4200 outlets in the global markets and which constitutes a quarter of its annual revenues. Its efficiently running primary retailer markets like Mexico and Canada enhance a fast market expansion a cross South America, Africa and Asia (Wal-Mart 2009). Driving Forces There are various drivers of globalization in the global marketplace. When a company becomes subject to these forces, they practically become candidates for globalization. The major driving forces of globalization are; technological advances, global economic growth, converging market needs and wants, pressure to improve quality, opportunities for

Strategies Adopted by Walt Disney Essay Example for Free

Strategies Adopted by Walt Disney Essay Write down about strategy implemented by Walt Disney Company after the death of Roy Disney in order to improve the conditions of the company by adopting 3 major strategies. Explain the post and pre conditions of Walt Disney. Ans: From the very beginning, Disneys founder Walter Elias Disney fostered the spirit of creativity, innovation and excellence that continues to underlie all of the companys success. Walt arrived in California in the summer of 1923 with dreams and determination, but little else. He had made a short film in Kansas City about a little girl in a cartoon world, called Alices Wonderland, and he planned to use it as his pilot film to sell a series of these Alice Comedies to a distributor. On October 16, 1923, a New York distributor, M. J. Winkler, contracted to release the Alice Comedies, and this date became the formal beginning of The Walt Disney Company. Originally known as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, with Walt Disney and his brother Roy as equal partners, the company soon changed its name, at Roys suggestion, to the Walt Disney Studio, which was initially housed in a succession of storefront buildings in Hollywood before becoming established on Hyperion Avenue. So this is how Disney Company came into existence. However Walt Disney died on December 15, 1966. Roy Disney, who was older than Walt took over supervision of the company. However Roy Disney also died just two months after realizing his brothers final dream. For the next decade the company was led by a team including Card Walker, Donn Tatum, and Ron Miller, all originally trained by the Disney brothers.

Hitler :: essays research papers

Adolph Hitler was responsible for World War II and the massacre of millions whom he thought to be inferior. He was also one of the most powerful and influential leaders of the 20th Century. Hitler single handedly built up his Nazi party into a massive power, which would eventually control most of Europe and North Africa. How is it, that a man of such evil had so much influence and control? We would like to think that never again will such tragedy occur. Never, would we let such a man into power. Yet, it happened in the 1930’s, only 70 years ago. What factors resulted in Hitler rising to power? Rather than one single reason, it was the perfect combination of luck and leadership, at just the right time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Austria, 1889, Klara and Alois became the proud parents of a baby boy – Adolph. As a young boy, he attended elementary school at the Benedictine monastery at Lambach. His early school years went well. Adolph earned good grades, became a choirboy, and anticipated one day becoming a Catholic priest. As he got older, he began getting into serious quarrels with his father. This fighting, he later claimed, caused his marks to slip. By the age of sixteen, he had quit school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once out of school, Adolph refused to find work or learn a trade. Rather, he spent his time going to the Opera, and reading. For hours on end, he would read books on German history and mythology. As a result of the reading, he soon found himself very concerned with the world’s tribulations. A school friend later recalled: â€Å"Hitler was always up against something and at odds with the world. I never saw him taking anything lightly.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the eager age of eighteen, Hitler had a new dream. He wanted to become an artist, as this was now his one true passion. The Vienna Academy of Fine Arts quickly turned him down after his entrance examination. This rejection would hurt him for his remaining life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another devastating event followed shortly after; the death of his beloved mother only four days prior to Christmas. Hitler later wrote: â€Å"It was a dreadful blow. I had honored my father, but my mother I had loved. Her death put a sudden end to all my high-flown plans. Poverty and hard reality compelled me to take a quick decision. I was faced with the problem of somehow making my own living.

NASCAR drivers are true athletes

In the public consciousness, sport is normally associated with human-powered activities like football and basketball, whereas those, engaging with human-assisted activities like racing, are not viewed as true athletes as they allegedly do not need great physical effort to achieve success. This tradition derives from Ancient Rome, whereas the major emphasis was placed upon the activities, which demonstrate the perfection of human body, but in the modern world, due to the arrival of new technological novelties, it would be unwise to limit the list. The present paper presents the reasons for which NASCAR drivers can be categorized as athletes. First of all, it is necessary to provide a definition of a true athlete: athlete is a person who possesses either natural or trained skills, needed to do a particular type of sports on the professional basis, participates in the competitions, observing the rules prescribed,   and is able to use the skills they possess in a beneficial way. Thus, there are several key aspects, which characterize an athlete, so they can be used as categorization criteria. First and foremost, an athlete should engage with a particular type of sports. Thus, it is important to prove that motor racing belongs to the realm of sports; for this purpose, it is necessary to define the term â€Å"sport†. â€Å"Sport is an activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and often engaged in competitively. Sports commonly refer to activities where the physical capabilities of the competitor are the sole or primary determined of the outcome (winning or losing), but the term is also used to include activities such as mind sports and motor sports where mental acuity or equipment are major factor† (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport, 2006). Furthermore, true athletes should be skilled enough to engage with a specific type of sports. In the present case, they should have dexterity, good at car driving and have sufficient intellectual abilities and the basic knowledge of the physical laws, which rule the process of driving. Thirdly, the true athlete should be able to use their skills and proficiency in the particular type of sport in the beneficial way, because the utilization of such abilities determines the maintenance of qualification and expertise. Fourthly, the true athlete participates in the contests in their narrow sports sphere, as competition is an opportunity to look critically at oneself and assess one’s own skills in the proper way. As it has been mentioned, the athlete engages with professional sports, which require certain development and adjustment of one’s skills to the requirements of the present day, which could be achieved only through observing peer performance. Finally, the true athlete values competitive spirit and thus observes the major rules that regulate the competition, namely those which determine the fair contest. It is possible to disagree with the aforementioned criteria. For instance, a number of extremely professional athletes, who participate in international competitions, tend to abuse the disciplinary rules and demonstrate aggressive behavior, but in the present case major rules that determine the equality and evenhandedness in the contest are discussed. These rules normally prohibit artificial measures, taken to temporarily increase one’s strength or dexterity. In addition, it is also possible to criticize the criteria that relates to the beneficial use of one’s skills in sports. In fact, the term â€Å"beneficial† doesn’t actually points to making money on the basis of sport activity, in fact, it might include such minor issues as using strength to protect oneself or another person from violent hooligans or utilizing intellectual abilities, developed during the years of chess playing, in mathematics. Finally one might claim that competition is not necessary for self-development as an athlete, as it is possible to hire a very qualified coach and train without engaging into the interactions with other sportspeople, but according to the aforementioned definition, positive and inspired rivalry is a core of all sports and victory is their purpose. Applying the first criterion, it is necessary to state that beyond the traditional sports like tennis and gymnastics, there also exist activities, which need more mental capacities and can be also classified as sports. In addition, the NASCAR refers to the activity it promotes and develops (motor racing) as motor sports, and due to the fact that this association is national, it implies the conventional view on sports, approved by the experts in this sphere. Secondly, NASCAR drivers really possess the necessary skills and abilities – otherwise they wouldn’t have been accepted by the association of the national level. Most of them have been training for many years and using professional race equipment in order to provide continuous growth of their skills. Thirdly, the individuals, participating in NASCAR races, have managed to make the sport bring them money – this way of using the complex of sport skills can be considered beneficial. Nowadays, the NASCAR drivers are amongst the richest athletes in the country. Turning sports into one’s personal profitable work is a true art, so the NASCAR drivers have succeeded in utilizing their unique talent. Fourthly, the NASCAR drivers participate in a variety of races amongst which the NEXTEL Cup, the Busch Series and the Truck Series. In order to have an idea about the level of these competitions, it would be useful to read about the NEXTEL, for instance: â€Å"The NASCAR NEXTEL Cup Series is the sport’s highest level of professional competition. It is consequently the most popular and most profitable NASCAR series. The 2006 NEXTEL season consisted of 36 races over 10 months, with over $4 million in total prize money at stake at each race† (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASCAR#NEXTEL_Cup, 2007). This mean, the NASCAR drivers belong to the so-called â€Å"high sports†, as they participate in the national competitions. Finally, the NASCAR drivers observe the principles of fair competition. For instance, they â€Å"do not use performance-enhancing drugs† (McCormick, at http://nascar.about.com/od/drivers/a/nascarsteroids.htm, 2007) and tend to support the idea of the spirit of positive rivalry through following the rules of politeness and good tone in the relationships with other participants. Criticizing this argument, one can state that NASCAR races are not actually a sport, but rather a show with minor elements of competition. In this case, the accents are placed inaptly , as these races are a true competition in all aspects, but the modern mass-media have turned into a show, broadcasted by numerous TV-channels. In reality, the NASCAR is interested in maintaining its reputation and thus deals merely with professional sport rather than amateur shows . To sum up, the present paper successfully proves that NASCAR drivers are true athletes, as they meet the aforementioned criteria such as skillfulness, obedience to ethical codes, participation in racing and the corresponding competitions and use of their skills in the beneficial way   The paper thus illustrates that a true athlete should possess not merely skills, but also high intelligence, ability to negotiate and make career in the field of sports as well as satisfactory   inner moral culture. Works cited McCormick, S. â€Å"NASCAR Drivers Don’t Use Performance Enhancing Drugs†. 31 July 2007, Wikipedia. â€Å"NASCAR†. 17 July 2007, Wikipedia. â€Å"Sport†. 4 October 2006,                  

Excitation Contraction Coupling Process Essay

The sequence of events that converts action potentials in a muscle fiber to a contraction is know as excitation contraction coupling. In order for a skeletal muscle fiber to contract, it has to get a signal from the nervous system. The part of the nervous system that it gets a signal from is called a motor neuron. An electoral signal, called an action potential travels down the axon and to the axon terminal. At the end of the motor neuron are structures called synaptic vesicles and they contain different neurotransmitters. In the case of a motor neuron that stimulates a skeletal muscle fiber, that neurotransmitter is called acetylcholine. When the action potential gets down to the end it will cause the synaptic vesicles to release acetylcholine. The ACH crosses the synapse, which is a physical gap between the motor neuron and the muscle fiber and binds to ACH receptors. A flowing in of sodium (Na+) and a flowing out of potassium (K+) results which, depolarizes the cell and generates an end-plate potential. This causes a depolarizing excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). The opposite of this is called, inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP), which usually result from the flow of negative ions in and positive ions out of a cell. If enough ACH neurotransmitters bind to receptors, it induces an action potential in the muscle fiber and that will induce the muscle fiber to release calcium (Ca2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. An action potential travels across the entire sarcolemma and is rapidly conducted into the interior of the muscle fiber by structures called t-tubules. The t-tubules make contact with the Ca2+ filled sarcoplasmic reticulum. The Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum binds to troponin complex by the actin filaments, which causes the troponin complex to pull tropomyosin away. Because these chemicals have a high affinity for calcium ions they cause the myosin cross-bridges to attach to actin and flex rapidly. We also must remember that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has to get broken down and by breaking it down, it allows the myosin cross-bridge to power stroke by consuming the energy that the ATP gives off. Once the signal from the motor neuron stops, no more ACH binds onto the receptors, which causes the Ca2+ to be transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Without the calcium, the active site is closed and myosin can no longer bind and the sarcomere goes back to its resting length.

Racism in the US essays

Racism in the US essays Racism is described as the belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others, or, discrimination or prejudice based on race. Racism is something that is present, and apparent throughout the world. Everywhere we look in the world, we can see racism create major social problems, and even send entire countries into war. Racism is an issue that, if untreated will create, and continue to create major social problems in the United States. Racism, in its major form, began in the United States in about 1618, when the first slaves were brought to the United States to work, unpaid, for their white owners. From the time the Africans were in the custody of Americans, they were not treated as humans, but as property. Slavery in the United States continued for many years, until 1862, when President Abraham Lincoln delivered his Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all slaves. This did not end the problem of racism against African Americans. After this time, the United States saw much hate, and many hate crimes against African Americans. This was apparent in the 1950s 19670s when desegregation was taking place in the United States. This hate was evident with in the KKK, and the many hate crimes and protests that took place in the United States. Even since then, with a completely desegregated society, the United States still sees an incredible amount of racism against blacks. African Americans are not the only group who experience racism in the United States. Almost every group in the United States that can be classified experiences racism in some form. Mexicans and Asians are often victims if hate crimes based on nothing other than race. Although African Americans, Asians, and Mexicans are among the most discriminated against in the United States, racism does not have to be based on race, but can be based on things such as social status or sexual preferen...

Concept Analysis Critique of Homophobia in Nursing Essays

Concept Analysis Critique of Homophobia in Nursing Essays Concept Analysis Critique of Homophobia in Nursing Essay Concept Analysis Critique of Homophobia in Nursing Essay Running Head: CONCEPT ANALYSIS CRITIQUE Concept Analysis Critique of Christensen’s Homophobia in Nursing Using Walker and Avant’s Framework NUR 701-90 Nursing Theory The Sage Colleges Lori Ciafardoni-Hawkes RN, MSN/MEd November 17, 2010 Concept Analysis Critique of Christensen’s Homophobia in Nursing Using Walker and Avant’s Framework Introduction Concept analysis is discussed by Walker and Avant (2005) as a way to describe phenomena in nursing practice, as it â€Å"allows the theorist, researcher, or clinician to come to grips with the various possibilities within the concept of interest† (Walker amp; Avant, 2005, pg. 3). Walker and Avant developed an eight step process of concept analysis, which includes selecting a concept, determining the aims or purposes of the analysis, identifying all uses of the concept that can be discovered, determining the defining attributes, identifying the model case, identifying borderline, related, contrary, invented , and illegitimate cases, identifying antecedents and consequences, and defining empirical referents (Walker amp; Avant, 2005). The following is an examination of the concept analysis procedure developed by Walker and Avant as applied to the article Homophobia in Nursing: A Concept Analysis by Martin Christensen. Selecting a concept is the first step in the 8-step analysis procedure. The chosen concept should be one that is important and interesting to you. Additionally, selection of the concept should be â€Å"useful to your research program or to further theoretical developments in your area of interest† (Walker amp; Avant, 2005, pg. 66). Christensen (2005) selected to analyze the concept of homosexuality in nursing because â€Å"†¦nurses draw mainly on their own experiences, experiences that may possess traditional and uncompromising attitudes about homosexuality and the health needs of patients†¦suggest(ing) that attitudes are linked to behavior and that certain predetermined beliefs and attitudes will prevent delivery of holistic and individualized care†( pg. 61). Christensen’s article holds relevance in today’s nursing practice as the definition of family as many have learned it has changed. This new, modern family often includes non-traditional and chosen families rather than blood relatives. People are choosing to define family for themselves and one subset of families is same-sex couples. Nursing professionals need to recognize the family as a patient defines it rather than how text or organizations define it and homophobia need not be part of that equation. As a labor and delivery nurse, I see every definition of family imaginable and as a female in a same-sex marriage; this is one phobia that I am faced with both personally and professionally on a regular basis. Defining this concept and redefining family are both important parts to changing how health care professionals think and are trained and educated. Defining the Concept, Related Terms and Differences Christensen clearly defined the concept of homophobia related to nursing. He explains that nurses often use their own experiences to dictate their care and that if they have issues with homosexuality for personal, religious or other reason that it may interfere with quality, individualized care which all patients and their families deserve (Christensen, 2005). In healthcare, sociology, education and psychology, much work has been done around homophobia (Neville amp; Henrickson, 2006; Richmond and McKenna, 1998; Rondahl, Innala, amp; Carlsson, 2004; Tate amp; Longo, 2004). Baker (1991) presented a paper at The Annual Meeting of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance and stated that â€Å"the impact of homophobia on health education practice had received little attention. As a profession, health educators had not yet adequately addressed lesbian and gay health issues†. Baker’s paper â€Å"defined homophobia and discussed the consequences of homophobia in health education and implications for practice. The health education needs of lesbians and gays are seldom met as a consequence of homophobia. Areas of particular relevance to health educators include heterosexual bias in sexuality education curriculum and textbook context, AIDS education, hate violence, adolescent suicide, and health education research on lesbian and gay topics. Strategies for eliminating homophobia include professional development of health educators and curriculum change at the university level† (Baker, 1991, np). Other researchers like Black, Oles and Moore (1998) â€Å"reported on a study of the relationship between students attitudes toward women and toward gay men and lesbians and changes in those attitudes during social work courses at two universities. The study found a significant relationship between students levels of homophobia and sexism. The relationship was stronger for female students than for male students and varied by race and academic major. The article also discussed the implications of the findings for changing social work curricula† (np). Barry (1998) explained â€Å"that a series of contemporary theories that had been used to explain homophobia. Structural, feminist, comparative, gender panic, queer, and socio-historical theories rely on the premises of a diverse set of scholarly disciplines, and in turn, generate their own objects of analysis, whether `homophobia, `heterosexism, or `heteronormativity. While the current flourishing of gay and lesbian studies had generated important insights into the workings of homophobia, analyses have also tended to be limited and fragmentary† (np). There are large gaps in the literature that span greater than ten years. The bulk of the studies seem to have happened when HIV/AIDS was at its height of awareness. While it appears easy to define homophobia, there has not been much research done on this concept in the social sciences. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2010) defines homophobia as â€Å"irrational fear of, aversion to, or discrimination against homosexuality or homosexuals†. Christensen’s concept analysis defines it similarly. Walker and Avant encourage the use of dictionaries, thesauruses, colleagues, and any available literature to identify multiple uses of the concept. Furthermore, all uses of the term must be considered. â€Å"This review of literature helps you support or validate your ultimate choices of the defining attributes† (Walker amp; Avant, 2005, pg. 67). Christensen thoroughly explored homosexuality, as defined by a variety of sources. Further research exposed the coining of homophobia, which is also extensively discussed by Christensen. Christensen examines fear of homosexuality in oneself, fear of contagion, fear of potential sexual advances, and fear of threat to established sex role identity as aspects of homosexuality that nurses may experience as a result of homophobic feelings (Christensen, 2005) Determining the aims of the analysis is the second step outlined by Walker and Avant. This second step helps focus attention on exactly what use you intend to make of the results of your effort. It essentially answers the question: â€Å"Why am I doing this analysis? † (Walker amp; Avant, 2005, pg. 66). Christensen has a clear and thorough rationale for choosing to analyze the concept of homosexuality and how the analysis will benefit nursing: â€Å"In seeking conceptual clarity, the analysis may make it possible to promote a single vocabulary for discussion, while allowing an understanding of what signifies the parameters of homophobia in nursing to be. More importantly, it may form the platform for future conjecture and critique within the context of nursing practice† (Christensen, 2005, pg. 61). Antecedents and Consequences The identification of antecedents and consequences are step seven in the concept analysis process presented by Walker and Avant. Antecedents are those events or incidents that must occur prior to the occurrence of the concept and consequences are those events or incidents that occur as a result of the occurrence. Antecedents and consequences help to shed light on the social context and help to define the attributes (Walker and Avant, 2005). In the concept analysis of homophobia, Christensen reports religion and medicine as antecedents; so much so that the emergence of homophobia in nursing on an individual basis may be related to â€Å"Supporting a religious ideology that determines the morality of same sex relationships as being sinful and non-procreative, and subscribing to a medical/nursing inference that homosexuality is a disease/illness that can be cured† (Christensen, 2005, pg. 69). The consequences as they relate to homophobias, identified by Christensen, include â€Å" An avoidance/reluctance of gay/lesbian social and/or professional interaction, heightened anxiety or revulsion when experiencing some gay/lesbian behavior, for example behaviors of affection, and heightened anxiety and fear of contagion when caring for gay/lesbian patients with a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS† (Christensen, 2005, pg. 69). Attributes â€Å"Determining the defining attributes is the heart of concept analysis† (Walker amp; Avant, 2005, pg. 68). This process should reveal the cluster of attributes that are the most frequently associated with the oncept and that allow the analyst the broadest insight into the concept (Walker amp; Avant, 2005). The cluster of attributes gathered may have a variety of different meanings, thus â€Å"a decision is clearly necessary regarding which will be the most useful and which will provide you the greatest help in relation to the aims of your analysis† (Walker amp; Avant, 2005, pg. 68). Christensen identifies internalized feelings and portrayal of those feelings within clinical practice as distinctive attributes related to the concept of homophobia in nursing. Furthermore, Christensen states the defining attributes that may characterize the concept of homophobia within nursing to be â€Å"there must be an internalized awareness of anti-homosexual feelings towards homosexual individuals, and that here must be manifestations of those anti-homosexual feelings by the corresponding behavior patterns, which occur when providing care to gay individuals† (Christensen, 2005, pg. 65). Model Cases A model case is the identification of a case that clearly demonstrates the defining attributes. â€Å"That is, the model case should be a pure case of the concept, a paradigmatic example, or a pure exemplar. Basically, the model case is one that we are absolutely sure is an instance of the concept† (Walker amp; Avant, 2005, pg. 69). Model cases can be constructed from the analyst, found in literature, or in the best-case scenario, actual examples from real life (Walker amp; Avant, 2005). Christensen describes a model case that clearly identifies the defining attributes, which allows the concept to be tested. The subject, Nurse Mary, in the case model is described as â€Å"exhibiting the internalized feelings of homophobia and expressed these in her behaviors toward Jackie, the patient, and Karen, the patient’s significant other. The feelings and behaviors expressed in this case are fear, anger, disapproval, contempt, avoidance, and disgust† (Christensen, 2005, pg. 67). Identifying additional and different cases is suggested by Walker amp; Avant (2005). â€Å"Examining cases that are not exactly the same as the concept of interest but are similar to it or contrary to it in some ways will help you make better judgments about which defining attributes or characteristics have the best fit† (Walker amp; Avant, 2005, pg. 70). Additionally, cases include those that are borderline, elated, contrary, invented, or illegitimate. â€Å"The basic purpose for these cases is to help you decide what â€Å"counts† as a defining attribute for the concept of interest and what doesn’t count† (Walker amp; Avant, 2005, pg. 70). The Christensen concept analysis effectively utilizes a borderline case that only contains some of the defining attributes held within the definition of the concept. In th e borderline case, â€Å"the person described still experiences the internalized feelings of disgust and fear towards homophobia. However, in this case, he does not allow these feelings to cloud his clinical judgment in providing care to this patient, which is evident in the thank you letter† (Christensen, 2005, pg. 68). Additionally, Christensen utilizes a contrary case, which demonstrates none of the defining attributes outlined in the wording of the definition. â€Å"The individual described shows no internalized fears or behaviors and consequently has established an excellent rapport with her brother’s partner† (Christensen, 2005, pg. 68). Implications for Measurement The final step in the concept analysis is determining the empirical referents of the defining attributes. â€Å"Empirical referents are classes or categories of actual phenomena that by their existence or presence demonstrate the occurrence of the concept itself† (Walker amp; Avant, pg. 73). How does one measure homophobia? Christensen clearly shows the â€Å"observable phenomena and highlights the presence of homophobia in some individuals as: â€Å"Avoidance of homosexual patients, reluctance to provide care to homosexual patients, and speaking negatively about homosexuals and homosexuality† (Christensen, 2005, pg. 9). Application to Nursing Theorist-Madeleine Leininger Leininger is the founder of the transcultural nursing movement in education research and practice. In 1995, Leininger defined transcultural nursing as â€Å"a substantive area of study and practice focused on comparative cultural care (caring) values, beliefs, and practices of individuals or groups o f similar or different cultures with the goal of providing culture-specific and universal nursing care practices in promoting health or well-being or to help people to face unfavorable human conditions, illness, or death in culturally meaningful ways â€Å"(p. 8). The practice of transcultural nursing addresses the cultural dynamics that influence the nurse–client relationship. Because of its focus on this specific aspect of nursing, a theory was needed to study and explain outcomes of this type of care. Leininger creatively developed the Theory of Culture Care: Diversity and Universality with the goal to provide culturally congruent wholistic care. Her theory is appropriate in homophobia because healthcare professionals need to be able to treat each client as an individual without bias or judgment. Application to Nursing Practice Henrici (2007) in her paper on homophobia in healthcare states: â€Å"According to the American Nurses’ Association (ANA) (2001), nurses have a history of working with vulnerable populations and fighting for social justice. Providing substandard care to lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations is negating that history. High standards of ethics are expected so that all populations and clients receive the same level of care. If nurses counteract the rights of the patient by letting their attitudes toward homosexuality influence the type of care the patient receives, then the negative influence leads to an ethical issue. The first Provision of the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses (2001) indicated that foremost, the patient should be treated with respect and dignity for human life. The nurse must show compassion and deliver health care in a non-judgmental manner, regardless of individual lifestyle and religious beliefs. Caring for a patient as a person with unique needs and differences should be upheld in every patient-nurse relationship. Refusing to treat a patient on behalf of difference in religious thought or lifestyle, and incorporating prejudice statements is unacceptable ethical behavior in the eyes of the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses Provision three of the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses (2001) takes into account patient confidentiality, maintaining patient’s rights, and advocating for the patient. Information shared between the nurse and the patient that need not be reported by law, should be kept confidential and not shared with individuals that are outside of the patient’s care. This is necessary to build a trust in the nurse/patient relationship. As an advocate, the nurse fights to defend the patient’s rights. Impaired practice and unethical care need to be addressed in order for the patient to receive the best care. When confidential information is spread to others, and if the nurse is part of the unethical care of the patient, then trust is diminished and advocacy becomes non-existent. According to the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, these acts are considered unethical to the nature of nursing. Provision seven of the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses (2001) addresses the idea that nursing, as a profession, needs to refine and advance the scope of nursing through continuing education. In order to advance in the field of nursing, nurses need to didactically embrace new knowledge, evaluate the knowledge, publicize the information, and put the new knowledge into clinical practice. Without furthering education, the field of nursing becomes stagnant in the ethical treatment of patients. Society is dynamic; therefore, nursing must change in order to progress with the social changes of the patients. If further education is impeded, it is considered unethical practice, according to the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses† (pg. 59-61). Application to Research â€Å"Concept analysis clarifies the symbols (words and terms) used in communication. The main advantage of concept analysis is that it renders very precise theoretical as well as operational definitions for use in theory and research† (Walker amp; Avant, pg. 74). Walker and Avant developed an 8-step concept analysis procedure that allows for analysts to easily understand and master the process without overlooking any of the critical components of concept analysis. The steps are not necessarily sequential. However, Christensen’s concept analysis of homophobia in nursing systematically uses all of Walker and Avant’s steps, as detailed in the body of this paper. Christensen’s concept analysis of homophobia in nursing is thoroughly discussed. Yet, greater research could have been conducted into identifying additional cases, as only borderline and contrary cases were considered. Tackling and debating related, invented, and/or illegitimate cases could have further supported the concept analysis. Ultimately, Christensen effectively convinces readers that homophobia in nursing may hinder the patient’s right to receive adequate, professional, and compassionate care (Christensen, 2005). Conclusion Christensen (2005) stated, â€Å"homophobia in nursing may undoubtedly be an extreme violation of the individual’s right to receive adequate, professional, and compassionate care† (p. 70). Henrici (2007) sums it up best by saying â€Å"Even though at times we as nurses may not agree with patients’ lifestyles, religious beliefs, or cultural upbringings, every patient deserves the most competent and compassionate care we can provide. By avoiding the patient, limiting therapeutic touch and communication, speaking unkindly of the patient’s sexuality with others, and not furthering education and understanding of cultural diversity the nurse has breached provisions one, three and seven of the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses (2001). There is a lack of research in the U. S. on the topic of homophobia in health care. More education on the topic of non-judgmental care relating to lesbian, gay and bisexual patients is necessary. Nurses should be held responsible for actions that are not in compliance with the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses (2001) particularly where patient care is sacrificed due to disagreement of lifestyle and sexual preferences. Homophobia is real. Judgmental comments occur and do affect quality of care. Realizing that the health care needs of to lesbian, gay and bisexual patients are unique must be addressed through education and cultural diversity training† (pg. 61) . References American Nurses Association. (2001). Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretative Statements. Retrieved November 14, 2010, from nursingworld. org/ethics/code/protected_nwcoe303. htm. Baker, J (1991) Homophobia in Health Education: Implications for Practice. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (San Francisco, CA, April 2-6, 1991). Retrieved November 16, 2010 from http://searcheric. org/ericdb/ed332964. htm. Barry, A. (1998) Theorizing Homophobia. Sexualities, Vol. 1, No. 4, 387-404. Retrieved November 7, 2010 from EBSCOhost. Black, B. Oles, T; amp; Moore, L (1998) The Relationship Between Attitudes: Homophobia and Sexism Among Social Work Students. Affilia, Vol. 13, No. 2, 166-189. Retrieved November 12, 2010 from EBSCOhost. Christensen, M. , (2005). Homophobia in Nursing: A Concept Analysis. Nursing Forum. 40 (2) Retrieved October 30, 2010, from: EBSCOhost. Henrici, R (2007) Homophobia: Does it Affect Quality of Care. Journal of Undergraduate Nursing Writing. Vol 1 (1). 56-62. Retrieved November 17, 2010 from EBSCOhost. Leininger, M. (1995) Transcultural Nursing: Concepts, Theories, Research and Practices. McGraw-Hill. 1995. Merriam-Webster’s Medical Dictionary. (n. d. ) Retrieved November 16, 2010, from http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/homophobia. Neville, S. , amp; Henrickson, M. (2006). Perceptions of lesbian, gay and bisexual people of primary healthcare services. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 55, 407-415. Retrieved November 3, 2010 from EBSCOhost. Richmond, J. , amp; McKenna, H. (1998). Homophobia: An evolutionary analysis of the concept as applied to nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28, 362-368. Retrieved November 1, 2010 from EBSCOhost. Rondahl, G. , Innala, S. amp; Carlsson, M. (2004). Nurse’s attitudes towards lesbians and gay men. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 47, 386-392. Retrieved November 12, 2010 from EBSCOhost. Tate, F. , amp; Longo, D. (2004). Homophobia: A challenge for psychosocial nursing. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing amp; Mental Health Services, 42, 26-33. Retrieved November 16, 2010 from EBSCOhost. Walker, L. O. , amp; Avant, K. C. , (20 05). The Strategies for Theory Construction in (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. 10. Potential Application to Research

The Intern Bible Dos and Donts in the Workplace

The Intern Bible Dos and Donts in the Workplace You may be reading this moments before your first day as an intern and are nervously wondering, â€Å"What exactly is proper intern etiquette?† First off, congrats on the internship! You must have done something right to land the position. Now, just try not to mess it up. Just kidding. Actually, it’s important to remember that employers create internship programs as an opportunity for learning. Along the way, mistakes are going to be made and that’s not a bad thing – as long as you learn from them. In an effort to lessen your stress and increase your chance for success, here’s some do’s and don’ts to help you navigate the murky waters of interning.Do seek feedbackIt is crucial for an intern to seek feedback from their supervisor. It demonstrates that you are coachable. Seeking feedback takes all of the guesswork out of how so you can â€Å"wow† your boss. Feedback allows you to improve and learn how you can add value. As an inte rn, seeking feedback will communicate to your boss that you are highly self-aware and motivated to improve.Do clarify expectationsClarifying expectations is crucial as an intern. Telling the hiring team exactly what you want out of the internship is going to ensure that you are not coming to a job every day that you hate. No boss intentionally makes an intern’s job miserable. The majority of the time an unfulfilling internship is a result of individuals not clarifying exactly what they want out of the job. If you want to get better at presentations, tell your boss that. They want to teach you about what you want to learn and more.Don’t gossipNot only is gossiping at work unprofessional, but it also creates a toxic environment.   Gossiping damages trust and will have your coworkers hesitant to share things with you. As an intern, you may hear your manager gossiping about others in the office, but that does not warrant you to join in. Avoid joining in on gossip, and en sure you are doing everything in your power to avoid being the target of gossip. Dressing appropriate, not oversharing, and being mindful of what you post on social media are all effective ways to avoid being the topic of workplace gossip.Don’t be dependentNo supervisor wants to apprehensively hand their intern a pile of work, worrying if it will actually get done or not. In the workplace today, task-oriented jobs are seizing to exist – and so are bosses who micromanage. Be confident in your abilities to complete a task, large or small. Use this time as an intern to be independent.Don’t neglect networkingOffering to take your other fellow interns to lunch during the week is a nice gesture, but not the key to getting yourself a full-time offer once your internship is up. It’s crucial, as an intern, to network with the other full-time employees at the office. This could be your direct boss or other members of the full-time team. However, this does not mean to just have surface level relationships with a variety of people. The most useful networks are those with strong ties. The more someone knows you and believes in you, the more  likely they will be to vouch for you, think of you first when an opportunity opens, and be a reference to add to your resume.  About the Author:Margaret Foley is a senior at Texas Christian University, where she is majoring in Communications Studies and minoring in English and Graphic Design. She is currently interning at Varghese Summersett, a criminal defense law firm in Fort Worth, Texas.

The Role of Tourism in Mexico Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

The Role of Tourism in Mexico - Term Paper Example In a candid statement, Ruiz states that the industry can additionally add a point to its current standing a factor likely to place it as the second biggest revenue contributor in Mexico. In the last year, the industry minted 12.7 billion dollars in foreign exchange. This is according to JP Morgan and Company report. As things stand now, the industry trails the oil and manufacturing industry. The Latin’s America second best performing economy registered a record of twenty four million visits in the past year (Mente 23-25). This statistic is 2.6 percent increase in comparison to the number of visits registered in the past one year. Reports from the World Tourism Organization indicate that the worldwide visits of tourists have just clocked the 1 billion mark. An increase of 4.1% has been registered in what is commonly referred to as international visits abroad. Similarly, arrivals to the advanced economies rose by 3.6% as the World Tourism report indicate. The role of tourism in the Mexican economy reaches far and wide. It boosts investment levels, creates jobs, and increases potential earnings. Reports additionally indicate that it creates one employment opportunity out of every eleven. The benefits of the industry are far reaching to the Mexican economy because it not only provides employment opportunities but also spurs the development of the surrounding region. The industry in the same line disseminates vital information relating to the nation’s natural and cultural attraction. The advantage emanates from the various options that the country offers to its visitors. The most notable include the pre Columbian civilization heritage and the inclusion of archeological sites as vital symbols of the countries identity. On top of these, the country is endowed with various beaches and an integration of millenary traditions within its major cities. Historical elements

Shiva and Vishnu Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 21

Shiva and Vishnu - Essay Example Tiger also represents lust, thus by sitting on it, Lord Shiva indicates that he ahs also conquered lust. 4. Sacred Ganga: Lord Shiva has provided an outlet for the holy river to traverse the earth from the crown of his head. The Ganga represents the casual waters from which the earth arises, purity and it also denotes fertility. 5. The third eye: famously known as the three-eyed god, the right eye of Lord Shiva is the sun, the left eye is the moon and the third eye on his forehead is the eye of wisdom. The third eye looks beyond the obvious and it can identify evil from anywhere and destroy it completely. 6. Half-open eyes: Completely closed eyes represent the dissolvent of the universe and when it is completely open a new cycle of creation begins. Half-open eyes denote that the universe cycle is in process. 7. Crescent: Shiva bears on his head the crescent of the Panchami moon. This shows the power of Soma, a representative of the moon. It denotes that Shiva possesses the power of procreation along with the power of destruction. The moon is also a measure of time and hence the crescent also denotes his control over time. 8. Cobra necklace: the cobra that circles Shiva’s neck thrice depicts the past, present and future time. It represents the fact that he is beyond the power of death and also dormant energy. The serpent looking in the right direction of the Lord signifies that Shiva’s laws of reason and justice preserve natural order in the universe. 10. Elephant skin and deerskin: Elephants represent pride and by wearing them Shiva indicates that he has conquered pride. The deer represents a flickering mind and by wearing its skin lord Shiva indicates that he has controlled the mind perfectly. 11. Rudraskha necklace: Rudra is the other name of Lord Shiva and it also means strict or uncompromising and aksha means eye.

Genocide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Genocide - Essay Example This document distinguishes several types of perpetrators and their involvement in genocide through examples. It also defines the content of the crime according to the international law and the convention towards the prevention and punishment of genocide. Finally, the different kinds of genocide based on their intent as retributive, cultural, latent, optimal, and utilitarian are discussed. Most people in the society tend to use the general concepts such as mass murder and massacre, while referring to genocide. They may also associate the delivery of justice with the local governments after the crime, since they have no idea of the international protection by the law. Genocide is a crime defined in the international criminal law, and is currently handled by the International Criminal Court (ICC), based in the Netherlands at Hague. The ICC aims to protect the potential victims, bring to trial or apprehend suspected perpetrators, while giving justice to the affected in the society. Several international organizations define the crime based on destruction targeting a particular group of people within a domain; however, what distinguishes the crime from others is the motivation behind it. According to Rummel (2002), history shows different situations where people had been murdered under the authority of their rulers and governments, either in war or by strict instructions given to exterminate rebellious groups; even though, legal application of the term ‘Genocide’ came into use first in the indictment of the Nazi war criminals, at Nuremburg tribunal between 1945 and 1946, in association with Raphael Lemkin. Although the ICC is an independent judicial system, it works closely with the United Nations to uphold human rights and campaign against genocide. The crime of genocide is not limited to mass killings but it covers a wide scope. It is defined in the international law in the convention on the prevention and punishment

Obamacare Laid Bare - Charles Krauthammer Essay

Obamacare Laid Bare - Charles Krauthammer - Essay Example Obamacare Laid Bare - Charles Krauthammer Apparently, the enforcement of Obamacare is a national issue that stimulates a wide range of political debate given that such law is perceived as a means of transporting enormous amount of wealth under the present American political system. Despite this perception, US government officials cannot fully express the benefits associated with the health care policy so they could avoid the risk of losing in the elections. As such is the case, they merely implement the law through deception being carried out in the form of hidden taxes, mandates, and penalties that generate excessive payments. Although Obamacare seems to be beneficial since it imposes an affordable health care program, the vested interests of government officials will only heighten the clamor of the citizens to eliminate the cancellation of the law. It seems that majority of the Americans considered the legislation as unfavorable knowing that they will only face an additional burden of financial responsibilities. This is pa rticularly unfair for those Americans who have low income considering that most political leaders support the law only to exercise political control and influence of governing their nation’s wealth. The disadvantages of Obamacare only outweigh its advantages as the cancelled policies are more politically-driven in falsifying the essential nature of implementing the law. Certainly, the insurance buyers would later on realize that their taxes and premiums have been raised.

Customers Advertisement Decision for Colorscope Case Study

Customers Advertisement Decision for Colorscope - Case Study Example The companies listed in the exhibit 3 have are the largest companies in the areas and many people will go to purchase in those companies. This shows that the companies are congested with many customers to be served at the same time. The customers will take more time waiting to be attendant. The attendants are always busy, since they are few and customers are many. Colorscope has many attended who ensure that customers are served immediately they make inquiry. Colorscope also has many customers but it employees enough people who can handle the customers demand. Customers will opt to go to Colorscope instead of going to waste their time or queuing in order to get services. In Colorscope also customers needs to place an order and an attendant take care of the customers demand. Colorscope employee’s professionals and trains the employees in order to ensure high quality services. Customer needs to be served by professionals and this is the case with Colorscope. Calculating Profitability of Job 61001 Colorscope has a long process in service provision. First, the customer’s places an order and then the customer representative talk to the customers and records the order details. The order is scanned and digitalized to computer pictures, and then an expert contacts publisher services which ensures color quality and appropriate of other picture features. The documents is passed to quality control to ensure it is of high quality and then sent to customer’s desk.

Summarise and critically evaluate the differences between instrumental Essay

Summarise and critically evaluate the differences between instrumental and normative compliance with the law. Use relevant empir - Essay Example In most countries, it is necessary to use instrumental compliance in order to maintain law and order in the country. If a country does not have the procedures of punishing evil deeds, crimes will be committed randomly and can lead to a failure of a government. In schools, instrumental compliance is practiced every day where the institution offers a reward to a student who performs well. These rewards help in challenging the other students to work even harder. On the other hand, the institution can also punish those students who fail to do a chore or duty. This again will help the other students to shun disobedience. Punishments and rewards are commonly used in public and private institution in order to enhance compliance. In places of works, people who perform well in desired activities end up being promoted to the next level in their career, their status change or they can get a pay rise. In contrast, normative compliance is when people do what they do because they think it is socia lly right. These sets of rules flow from social rules that are internalized. These are the internal feelings and thoughts that make people not to shoplift the items of their neighbors’ shop. Committing such an action is morally wrong and this feeling is what gives most people a sense of law abidance (Smith & Cornish, 2004, p.9). A community penalty occurs when a court or a justice system considers the crime committed punishable by the community. These penalties always require that an individual gets punished through performing some hard chores so that he cannot repeat the mistake again. The bodies that conduct these punishment, in the community level include, the action plan order which helps to enhance the social skills of the offender. It raises awareness on the influences of peer relationships and consequences of offences. Secondly, the offender might be required to attend the community rehabilitation classes where the offenders are taught to obey. Several classes in the c ommunity levels can help the offenders not to commit the crimes again. In a society, rules and regulations that ensure that individuals behave well must exist for people to behave well and avoid punishments of certain crimes. In most cases, the crimes are committed as a result of influences from social group. Different communities punish people different depending on the strictness of the community. In a community, social influence is the process of putting change to the people in the community. The norms of communities might be different but the individuals who belong to that community must be straight enough to respect them. For example, the people might receive direct orders, compliance, conformity, or obedience to the norms. Conformity can work well to reduce the cases of crimes in the society (Knight, 2003, p.55). Why people obey the law Most people obey the law because they think that it is the right thing to do or because they fear being punished. It is advisable for people t o obey the law since it is the right thing to do. This reason makes people not to feel as if the law is a burden to them. Every person should obey the law because it is their duty to do so. In the world today, countries obey the law only when certain offences have been committed or when there is a presence of threat due to breakage of the law. In the absence of these threats, people disobey the rules of the country without any fear. In addition to this, government’s officials in most countries change the law to fit a situation or ignore a situation

Customers Advertisement Decision for Colorscope Case Study

Customers Advertisement Decision for Colorscope - Case Study Example The companies listed in the exhibit 3 have are the largest companies in the areas and many people will go to purchase in those companies. This shows that the companies are congested with many customers to be served at the same time. The customers will take more time waiting to be attendant. The attendants are always busy, since they are few and customers are many. Colorscope has many attended who ensure that customers are served immediately they make inquiry. Colorscope also has many customers but it employees enough people who can handle the customers demand. Customers will opt to go to Colorscope instead of going to waste their time or queuing in order to get services. In Colorscope also customers needs to place an order and an attendant take care of the customers demand. Colorscope employee’s professionals and trains the employees in order to ensure high quality services. Customer needs to be served by professionals and this is the case with Colorscope. Calculating Profitability of Job 61001 Colorscope has a long process in service provision. First, the customer’s places an order and then the customer representative talk to the customers and records the order details. The order is scanned and digitalized to computer pictures, and then an expert contacts publisher services which ensures color quality and appropriate of other picture features. The documents is passed to quality control to ensure it is of high quality and then sent to customer’s desk.

Dimensions in Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dimensions in Art - Essay Example Initially, this was considered inelegant and greatly criticized. However, by the time he painted The Stonebreakers, opinions on the realist style were changing. In painting The Stonebreakers, Courbet sought to depict the harsh lives that peasants went through as evidenced by the painting’s revealing illustration of trying conditions faced by the miners (Riat 101). The painting includes a peasant man and a peasant boy using mallets to break up boulders, while dressed in torn clothes. One is immediately drawn to the sharpness and depth of the canvas and the rigid details of the painting, which has no drama or romanticism. This trait is uniquely realist. One also notices the monotony of color used, reflecting the painting’s languid tone as the man and boy break up the boulders. This is especially important for Courbet as it allows him to draw attention to the peasants’ efforts. In addition, Courbet also seems to be drawing attention to the ages of the boy and man si nce the man seems to old and the boy too young to be breaking boulders (Riat 101). The painting also reveals the industrial era and the poverty that existed alongside it. Unfortunately, peasants were the most disadvantaged people during the industrial revolutions, especially in the mines and factories (Riat 102). Most of the peasants, with increased mechanization of farm work, were forced into the mines, while young boys were exploited for their labor as they could be underpaid. The Stonebreakers is reflective of the unease that Courbet felt for the abuse of the vulnerable by an increasingly capitalist society, as well as the agony and anguish they suffered in the mines with the hard work. This was a main theme in the realist era and Courbet uses mellow colors and unexaggerated style to draw attention towards the peasants’ plight (Riat 102). This work, alongside other works by Courbet, was an inspiration for future modernists and impressionists with its focus on contemporary society and events. This was suggestive of the improved innovation in art that finally led to the surrealist era. The Bullfight’s artist Joan Miro was born in Barcelona in 1893 and was a ceramist, a sculptor, and painter. As a painter, he evolved greatly throughout the early to mid-20th century with his work earning wide international acclaim throughout the same period (Brodskaia 56). While The Bullfight can be interpreted as surrealist art, Miro himself refused to ascribe his work to this art style and simply referred to his paintings during this era as semi-abstract. While surrealism stood out during this period, The Bullfight was more had a greater degree of abstraction as compared to other major surrealist artists at the time like Pablo Picasso. In The Bullfight, Miro seeks to represent his Catalan heritage of bull fighting in an abstract way, most likely due to the persecution he suffered under Dictator and anti-Catalan leader General Franco (Brodskaia 56). Miro had alwa ys been critical of contemporary painting styles, claiming that it was in support of the bourgeois, and The Bullfight was one of his ways to â€Å"assassinate painting† through an upset of established elements of painting (Brodskaia 150). The painting shows a raging bull being outmaneuvered by a skillful el-matador, although one has to look closely to actually make out the el-matador’s figure. Miro also exaggerates some of the bull’

Locus of Control Essay Example for Free

Locus of Control Essay After completing and evaluating my responses to the Locus of Control Assessment, my result was that I have an internal locus of control. An internal locus of control is when a person believes that they are generally in control of the events that affect their life. In my opinion, the assessment is right, I believe I control most of the events that happen in my life. Now, on the other end an external locus of control is when a person believes that they generally do not have control of the events that affect their life (Myers, 2012, p. 1). The two reliable sources I found that provided information on Locus of Control were www. ncrel. org and www. psych. uncc. edu. After conducting some research I have determined that there are positive and negative outcomes for both internal and external locus of control. The important thing is to keep a balance between them. Some positive internal locus of control situations are when you study hard and get an A in your test or when you enter a contest and win. In these situations you controlled the event in your life. The negative aspect of an internal locus of control is that in some cases you can’t control the events that affect your life. For example being diagnosed with colon cancer or having surgery to remove your intestine. In these situations are person with an internal locus of control may feel hopeless and blame them selves for not preventing it. When it comes to an external locus of control the positive aspect of it is that when situations arise that person will most likely attribute it to something else. For example, they would say it was luck if they won the lottery or the teacher was in a good mood if they got a C in their math class. In negative cases they will blame others for the outcome because they believe they don’t have any control over the events that happened in their life. An example would be if they don’t do their homework because their mom forgot to buy paper or if they have an accident and rear end the person in front of them and blame the other driver for stopping abruptly. In my opinion, it is better to have an internal locus of control. The reason why I believe this is because in most cases we have control over certain events that happen in our life. Having an external locus of control would give the person no sense of responsibility for their actions since they feel they do not have control over it. A person with an internal locus of control is more responsible, successful, easily motivated and always looking for improvement within them. A person with an external locus of control is less responsible, blames everyone else for their failures, is less motivated and success is something they feel will happen if others achieve it for them. Depending on the situation or the life event these two have to be balanced. If you’re a person with an internal locus of control like me and we experience a situation that is out of our hands we have to accept that and understand that not everything in life can be controlled. Some things are going to happen no matter what we do. In cases like this is when it’s good to have an external locus of control because for some people not being in control all the time and experiencing a situation that is out of their hands can be damaging for their self-esteem. When an event arises we should be able to logically look at the situation and analyze if there was anything we could have done different to solve the problem or avoided it and evaluate the decisions we made that concluded with the end result. Once you analyze the situation you can determine if changing the steps you took would have changed the end result. If it wouldn’t have changed the out come then it was out of your hands and you should see it as an external locus instead of an internal locus.

Social Institutions Essay -- essays research papers

The Military Social Institution is one of the three Primary Social Institutions. The military was initially established to help protect, as well as unify a country, but since it’s development, it’s done so plus more. The Military as a social institution has led to domination and conquering of sorts, while trying to balance morals and justifications. Since the military is run by the government, it can be assumed that not only does this institution try to control and rationalize, but also continue to boil over into much of the other institutions. The Economic Social Institution is another one of the three Primary Institutions. The hold that the economy plays on a societies life is overwhelming to say the least. With the Economy being one of the biggest influences on social interaction in today’s society, it is understandable why we have used it as a foreground in which we continue to build on. With wealth and development growing due to an economies strong hold on society, we seem to always use that as one of our bases for happiness. Without the Economic Social Institution, the socialistic structure would always lean to domination and political stature, rather then the wealth or development in which we (as a society) would grow. The Political Social Institution is one of the three Primary Institutions. With society being ran by a higher authority, and not by the â€Å"norms†, it is considered only natural to follow the authorities orders. The Political Structure that takes place in a society is often construed as being chosen by the followers, much like a democracy, when in fact it is hardly ever the case. With society focused on its own growth and maturity, sometimes we neglect the power of the individuals in charge, and only see a false image of our government. With that being said, it is that very reason that the Political Institution is considered a primary one. We (society) would like to think of the government and the political structure as being cooperative and convenient at its disposal, but the truth of the matter is that often the imperfections of our society are much related to the government that we â€Å"chose†. The Family Social Institution is a Secondary Institution. Because of â€Å"Family Life† being much a part of â€Å"today’s society† and also a way of living, it can be said that this type of lifestyle is undoubtedly a reason for planning right. Socie... ...he/she has as compared to themselves. As for societies who do not have the benefits of recent medicine, they are looked at as the outcasts and UN-stabilized. The Mass Media Social Institution is a Secondary Social Institution. The power of media, any sort, or any kind; is undeniable. Within a culture, or society, everyone has at one time or another been faced with some time of advertisement, or propaganda. Even if you never purchased the item, you were still faced with the issue of â€Å"should I try it, or not?† It’s stunning at how much we fall into a trap when dealing with the media’s influence on a society’s particular way of thinking. The Media can turn a murder trial, into a televised event, which can generate revenue, that shows how media can help out the economy, as well as openly test the law. Media has been around for centuries, and has always created a buzz in one way or another throughout a society, but the cunningness of it all is how society relies so greatly on media as our entertainment and pleasure. Society is constantly bombarded with ads and ideas that were generated to bring in revenue, whil e the society constantly succumbs to the pressure of the outside nature.

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Essay examples -- Food Safe

Increasing awareness and concerns of consumers regarding food safety and quality, forced many food industries to enhance their products safety and quality by implementing quality assurance and safety management systems. In response to consumer pressure, many industries adopted Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system because it is well known preventative, cost effective system if implemented effectively, as well as it is required by law. HACCP can be identified as a systematic scheme to identify, evaluate and control the hazards. It can be applied to many types of products and processes from primary production to consumption (From farm to fork). However, before a HACCP system is carry out, some basic procedures need to be in place which is essential for food safety and it include factors to control raw materials ,personal hygiene and training ,operational control, waste management, good laboratory practice ,traceability and recall procedures. All of the above mentioned procedures can be under Prerequisite programmes (PRPs) term which was first described by WHO. (Wareing, 2010) Moreover, in order to maintain and strength the HACCP system, quality management system should be integrated such as ISO 9000. ISO 9000 sires of standards are requirements that must be addressed by each company to meet product specification and customer demands every time and on time. (6) Regular management review of problems and customer complaints besides the records and corrective action is undertaken by ISO 9000 quality systems. In fact, the majority of larger food companies have a consumer service section and technical one in turn to handle consumer safety and quality issue as well as communication with the competent authoritie... ...s the radio frequency identification systems (RFID) where the information can be read by a radio frequency link. (FSA, 2002) Moreover, within EUs laws each animal must be tagged with certain information like their origin, the date for slaughtering, and after that stamp them with the abattoir traceability code. (EU ,2007) Overall, traceability system is considered one of the pre-requisite programmes and without such programmes in place, HACCP system will be ineffective. In addition, traceability system is a legislative requirement in which require on each pack a special batch code to aid in product recalls in case of detecting any problem and withdrawal it from the market before reaching the consumer hand and to facilitate international trade ,thus protecting both consumer health and reputation of the food industry . References:

Order: Non-commissioned Officer and Lawful Orders

Following Lawful Orders Lawful orders are given for a reason and you should always obey them. For starters you should always obey lawful orders because you took an oath to do so when you joined the military. A lawful order must be followed, and done so in a timely manner. If you disagree with a lawful order, you must still follow it; you are required to follow a lawful order before you are permitted to question it. All officers and non commissioned officers appointed over you are held responsible for you and are in the keeping of the traditions and doctrines of the armed forces of the United States of America.Discipline is the only way to get a large group of people to do something that could make or break them. The military is all about discipline, which is obeying a lawful order. Military discipline and effectiveness is built on the foundation of obedience to orders. Soldiers are taught to obey immediately, and without question, orders from their superiors. If you fail to obey lawf ul orders there are many consequences. You could get an article 90 of the UCMJ, which makes it a crime to willfully disobey a superior commissioned officer.Article 91 of the UCMJ, makes it a crime to willfully disobey a superior noncommissioned or warrant officer. Article 92 of the UCMJ, makes it a crime to disobey any lawful order. It does not have to be â€Å"willful† under a article 92. The military recognizes that respect for authority is what maintains order and prevent the eruption of chaos and is hence willing to set an example for all who might be tempted to oppose their leaders, by administering punishment first hand without any judicial representatives. The Army and our commanding officers have our best interest at hand and they put in place the orders that they do for that reason.

Behavorial Traps

Behavioral Traps There are five behavioral traps. Those five behavioral traps are: time delay, investment, deterioration, ignorance and collective. We fall into some of these traps easily and on a daily bases, while some of us find that they are also easily avoided. The trap that you fall into really only depends on you. I would like to define and give an example of each of the behavioral traps, before I discuss which I think is the easiest to fall for and the easiest to avoid. Time delay is momentary gratification that clashes with long term consequences (short term vs. ong term). An example is finding it hard to diet or exercise regularly (Plous, 1993). The ignorance trap is the negative behavior which are not understood or seen at the outset. An example would be: People, who smoked in the 19th Century, they didn’t realize that smoking led to lung cancer and if the information would have been available, many would never have begun to smoke in the first place (Plous, 1993). T he collective trap involves more than one party. The example for this one is rush hour traffic. Here everyone prefers to drive at the same time, taking their own self interest into play and letting everyone suffer (Plous, 1993). The investment trap occurs when prior expenditures of time, money or other resources lead people to make choices they normally wouldn’t make. An example would be investing money on something to help out the community only to find out at 90% done that another company is doing the same thing but theirs is better, debating on whether to finish the other 10% or not (Plous, 1993). Deterioration trap is similar to the investment trap but the cost and affect occur over time. An example for this trap is a heroin addict. You do it to get that great feeling but then your body becomes tolerant to the drug and you then up the dose to get that same great feeling, and then you’d rather take the drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms. So what started as a pleasurable feeling ends up in a nightmare of dependence (Plous, 1993). Those are the five behavioral traps, I studied and read because to a point they all are easy to fall into, but one that I know I have troubles with and that most people have fall easily to is the time delay trap. How many of us have tried diet after diet and exercise after exercise and end up not sticking to the plan. That’s what the time delay trap does to you. â€Å"Any situation in which short term consequences run counter to long term consequences can turn into a time delay trap† (Plous, 1993). Another example of the time delay trap could be the apples in the Garden of Eden, because the apple is regarded as bait and is the ultimate temptation with its entrapping consequences (Plous, 1993). As you look at the definitions in the earlier paragraph you might think that there really isn’t one that is easily avoided, but I believe that the deterioration is that one. I believe this because this trap takes time to occur/fall into, while with the other traps they seem more likely easier to fall for. The reason deterioration take more time than the others is because it produces behavior that may seem absurd or self-destructive to others whom haven’t seen the situation evolve. (Plous, 1993). Just like the heroin addiction, your body eventually gets use to all the things you are doing and you think you need more because you aren’t getting the same affect. So over time your body takes a beating and starts to be self destructive and so on. For the time delay trap the person wants to exercise and/or diet, but something keeps stopping you. The long term consequences for not exercising and/or dieting could result in health problems and obesity. I just happen to be one of those people. For months I have been planning to exercise more, but I always end up finding an excuse not to and then it only leads to me now being healthy or losing the weight that I have put on in the mean time. The thing that is striking about the time delay trap is that relative is that you end up with small pains and pleasures in the short run, will produce behavior that is devastating maybe even lethal in the long run. (Plous, 1993). Like for example smoking, it’s a short term pleasure but in the long run you can get cancer. We never really think that the things we do/ could be considered as a trap. We just go on day by day either eventually doing something about what we have been putting up with or just deal with the long term consequence. Which traps we find easy to fall for or to avoid really depend on you, we all have different weak points in our mind and bodies. We think about the things that we put into our bodies, but do we really think about the long term effects? References Plous, S. (1993). The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making. McGraw-Hill: New York, NY.

Porter’s 5 Forces of Age Advantage

1. Bargaining power of supplier – HIGH As it has been mentioned before in the external analysis, staffing difficulties is one of the issues threatening the aged care service company. The issue of labor shortages then limits the ability of Age Advantage to recruit key people and add up the bargaining power of suppliers who provide workers for aged care service. As labor costs represent the largest fixed costs for aged care service providers, this can be considered as a threat for the business. 2. Bargaining power of buyer – MEDIUMBased on our research, there is a fair level of choice and options regarding age care service providers in Malaysia resulting in medium level of bargaining power of buyer. However, it is assumed not to be a significant problem for Age Advantage. As with our unique age in place service, we believe that we have a higher degree of competitive advantage compared to other aged care service providers existing in Malaysia. 3. Threat of substitutes â₠¬â€œ LOW The threat of the development of robotics for assisting with health care and aged care can be said as embryonic at the moment as it faces cost and price barriers as well as low social acceptance.Also, the existence of aged home can be said as not hazardous with the trend of ageing people preferring to receive service at home rather than residing in aged care facilities. Hence, the threat of substitutes for this business can be considered as low. 4. Threat of new entrants – LOW The low threat of new entrants is a result of high start-up costs for this kind of business as well as the length of the franchise agreement which could reach up to 10 years as people tend to avoid this kind of too-long-term contract.Besides, adequate training and well-trained labor force is essential for aged care service as this business deals with the life of people. Not forgetting as well the requirement of license approval from the government in order to enter the aged care service industr y. As a result, it results in a high degree of entry barriers causing a low degree of threat of new entrants. 5. Intensity of rivalry – LOW As it has been stated previously, there is only a fair level of choice and options regarding aged care service providers in Malaysia.Derived from the research we have done, age in place service is still rare in Malaysia as most aged care facilities have not provided a service of aged care at clients’ own homes. With the competitive advantage we own, it is believed that intensity of rivalry surrounding our business is low as the kind of service we provide is still considered one of a kind in Malaysia. 6. Complementary product We also add up a complementary product like insurance that when released pays the cost of aged care. Therefore, the insurer and their products become the complementor and the consumer gains additional value.

Critical review on organic aloe vera production around the world Assignment

Critical review on organic aloe vera production around the world - Assignment Example Environmental benefits 10 Recommendations 11 Conclusion 11 Bibliography 11 Outline of the report Organic farming makes use of organic compounds when practicing and it does not necessarily need the use of chemicals such as fertilizers, fungicides and insecticides. Organic farming relies on techniques such as use of compost manure, rotation farming, green manure and pest control through the use of biological means. Farmers worldwide are embracing organic method of farming; this is because this mode of farming comes with more benefits both to farmers and the global economy as compared to chemical aided techniques which are non-environmental friendly techniques. This paper will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of organic farming more specifically organic aloe Vera farming globally; the report will also give detailed information on the products produced from processing of Aloe Vera plant. This report entails the various factors which contribute to the increased rate of adopting organic farming techniques by farmers across the globe. This research provides information on the methods utilized by farming in organic farming. The research will discuss the various organization which give financial and expertise aid to farmers who practice this mode of farming. Places whose soils are fertile and have the property of good drainage are the best for Aloe Vera farming; the plant does well in places with high light intensity and high temperatures. The research will investigate these conditions favorable for organic Aloe Vera farming. The daily test carried on Aloe Vera plant leaves to monitor the plant health, resulting to a great harvest when they are mature. The report will provide information on the methods used by to harvest Aloe Vera in organic farms across the world (Stewart, 2005) . Introduction Aloe Vera originated from North Africa and Middle East and is a succulent plant. This plant does well in arid areas in the world with its sap being the beneficial part commonly known as the Aloe Vera gel. This gel is the clear substance in the leaves of Aloe Vera plant, the organic Aloe Vera juice micro pulp which is almost pure barbadensis organic Aloe Vera is a main source of healthy beverage. Organic Aloe Vera plant is rich in polysaccharides, amino acids, vitamins and protein lipids which when processed are important components needed in by humanly to provide vitality and improve the immune system various countries across the globe practice organic aloe Vera farming on organic farms that are met international standards. Harvesting of mature organic Aloe Vera leaves can be done manually and the leaves transported to the processing companies immediately for processing to maintain their freshness. This ensures that the freshness of Aloe Vera plant appears in the final product (Stewart, 2005). This paper gives a clear examination of the reasons which led to adoption of organic Aloe Vera farming all over the world, the organic methods that the farmers have adopted in Aloe Vera farming in the world. The gains brought about with the practice of organic farming methods and returns the farmers across the globe and the different products of Organic aloe Vera planted in the world is discussed in this report. Organic Aloe Vera has several medicinal benefits are analyzed in this report. Government and non-government organizations that assist farmers both financially and expertise wise in organic farming of Aloe Vera have been indicated in this report (Stewart, 2005).

Resistant Hypertension and the Role of Renal Denervation Research Paper

Resistant Hypertension and the Role of Renal Denervation - Research Paper Example Hypertension is a common problem worldwide and is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity. It is associated with several complications like cardiovascular disease, stroke, retinopathy, and renal dysfunction. Elevated blood pressure which has been uncontrolled for a prolonged duration of time can lead to many changes in the structure, blood vessels and the conducting system of the heart. These changes can lead to the development of various conditions of the heart such as coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure. The pathophysiology of hypertensive heart disease is a complex interplay of various structural, neuroendocrine, hemodynamic, molecular and cellular factors (Riaz, 2007). These factors not only have a role in the development of hypertensive heart disease, they also are modulated by elevated blood pressure (Riaz, 2007). Persistent elevation of BP has adverse effects on the cardiac function and structure d ue to increased afterload and also due to vascular and neurohormonal changes (Riaz, 2007). Several medications and strategies have been developed to decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension and despite these measures; hypertension continues to be a challenge for some patients. Hypertension not responding to routine medical treatment has been categorized as resistant hypertension. Resistant hypertension can be defined as that blood pressure that is above the estimated goal for the age and gender of the patient, despite concurrent use of at least 3 antihypertensive drugs of different mechanism of action, i.e., different classes of antihypertensive agents. Ideally, one of the antihypertensive agents should be a diuretic and optimal doses of the agents must be prescribed. Such a stringent definition is necessary to identify patients whose hypertension can be controlled by revising pharmacological treatment and also in whom identifiable causes of hypertension exist which whe n treated can reverse the need for high doses of antihypertensives.

Literature 2.4.3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literature 2.4.3 - Essay Example Here, the reader is confronted with the fact we all hate to be judged, especially when people know little about us. This reasoning is not just something Atticus teaches Scout about the creepy, seemingly psychopathic neighbor, Boo Radley; it is a concept the entire town must embrace. When Atticus pleads the case of a black man who was falsely accused because of his skin color, rather than his actions or character, he admonishes the whole town – and me as the reader ? to put aside preconceived notions about others by getting to know them first (a timeless lesson no matter what society you like in). A couple of characters’ lives in Lee’s novel both reflect and digress from my own. Scout’s curiosity reflects mine, as we both search for new ways to look at situations and are often ridiculed for being too inquisitive. However, her assertiveness far exceeds my own. Boo Radley is often prejudged and misunderstood, as am I, but we are both liked once people get to know us. Unlike Boo, I do not live a life of obscurity and have social graces. These are just a few comparison/contrasts to note. Works Cited Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Warner Books, 1988. Print.

Time Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Time Managment - Essay Example I definitely hoped that I would pick up some learning from this as I definitely did not want to waste time (that would have been truly ironic if that had happened. I was a tad bit skeptical as the seminar started, but the binder with the learning material caught my eye immediately. To allow oneself to be carried away by a multitude of conflicting concerns, to surrender to too many demands, to commit to too many projects, to want to help everyone in everything is itself to succumb to the violence of our times. Frenzy destroys our inner capacity for peace. It destroys the fruitfulness of our work, because it kills the root of inner wisdom which makes work fruitful.1 I was slightly taken aback because this seemed highly philosophical. And more importantly, what if I took on too many projects, all of them were properly scheduled and I made sure every hour of my working day counted. As the day went on I realized that this was not just about day planners and to do lists, this was about more than that. Indeed, both day planners and task lists play an important role in time management, but it was important to find out why we wanted to use time efficiently. Indeed if we were saving time what we were saving it for. We certainly could not bank time, so what was the end result there Both managing appointments and keeping to do lists were low hanging fruits. These had to be done anyway. But the purpose of this seminar was to show that there is a lot more to time management. All activities in our life could be put in one of four quadrants. They had to be either urgent and important, urgent and not important, not urgent and important, not urgent and not important. It was not about just getting things done it was getting the things which mattered done. Things which were urgent and important , are emergencies. A good time manager would avoid having too many items in this q uadrant. Plan out the important things so that they never become emergencies. Urgent and not important, these are time consuming non critical activities , they either should be ignored or atleast be moved to the back burner. A Ringing phone for example cries for your attention but you are in the middle of an important project. Let the voicemail get it. You can pick up and call all your voicemails at one time later on. Important and not urgent is the quadrant you want all your entire to do list. No emergencies and you are working only important things. Not important and not urgent. These are items which have to be tossed. They serve no purpose at all. After this we briefly went over the POSEC method. POSEC is an acronym. PRIORITIZE-Your time and define your life by goals. ORGANIZING-Things you have to accomplish regularly to be successful. (Family and Finances) STREAMLINING-Things you may not like to do, but must do. (Work and Chores) ECONOMIZING-Things you should do or may even like to do, but they're not pressingly urgent. (Past-times and Socializing) CONTRIBUTING-By paying attention to the few remaining things that make a difference. (Social Obligations)2. It was important to learn that managing was not just about managing individual minutes or hours. It was a big picture which was trying to be put together here consisting of numerous small elements. The numerous small elements in themselves meant nothing unless an overall big picture came into place. Continuing on the philosophy of time management , we made a small detour into

Computation finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Computation finance - Essay Example Creation of these dark pools has been possible because of existence of electronic trading and the fragmentation of avenues of conducting financial trading. The participants access them directly amongst themselves or through crossing networks. Dark pools are made up of three types, including where the independent entities create a distinctive and differentiated means of trading, those that are owned by brokers allowing the clients of the broker to trade amongst themselves in anonymity, and those created by the public exchanges themselves, meant to give their customers a chance to enjoy trading in anonymity and hiding of orders while trading. Hidden liquidity allows traders to ‘hide’ all or a part of their orders, which results into a market with two components – a displayed component and a non-displayed component. Hiding of orders, however, makes market participants to access incomplete knowledge regarding the market’s general depth. This paper is going to look at how these dark pools of liquidity work, why they are needed and their impact on the visible market. Most of the electronic exchanges that are order-driven use specific order types to provide liquidity such as what is referred to as ‘Iceberg Order’. An Iceberg Order is a passive order that is split into small portions, with partly or none of which is visible to the public. By concealing the actual quantity of the order, it is possible to tame price movements and reduce leakage of information, as well as any other flows that culminate from significant adjustments in the supply of stocks – this is called market impact. Splitting of orders is automated through order management systems, and it is a standard strategy used by many institutional investors.1 2 Companies are allowed to choose from three types of dark pools. The first include those owned by broker

Egans Theory Essay Example for Free

Egans Theory Essay This is a 3-stage model or framework offered by Egan as useful in helping people solve problems and develop opportunities. The goals of using the model are to help people to manage their problems in living more effectively and develop unused opportunities more fully, and to help people become better at helping themselves in their everyday lives. (Egan G., The Skilled Helper, 1998, p7-8). Thus there is an emphasis on empowerment. Also the person s own agenda is central, and the model seeks to move the person towards action leading to outcomes which they choose and value. This model is not based on a particular theory of personality development, nor on a theory of the ways difficulties develop. It is a framework for conceptualising the helping process, and is best used in working on issues in the recent past and the present. As with any model, it provides a map, which can be used in exploring, but which is not the territory itself. The Egan model and mentoring are not synonymous; the model can be used in many kinds of helping relationships, and mentoring/co-mentoring can be done using other models, (or none!). The model can and should be used flexibly. The model works best if attention is paid to Rogers core conditions, the helpers approach to the speaker being based on genuineness, respect, and empathy, and if principles of good active listening are remembered throughout. The Egan model aims to help the speaker address 3 main questions: 1. What is going on? 2. What do I want instead? 3. How might I get to what I want? Not everyone needs to address all 3 questions, and at times people may move back into previously answered ones. For simplicity, well look at the model sequentially. However, the skilled helper will work with the speaker in all or any of the stages, and move back and forward, as appropriate. Stage 1 is about providing a safe place for the speaker to tell their story in their own way, and to be fully heard and acknowledged. It is about a space where a person can hear and understand their own story. It is also about gently helping them lift their head to see the wider picture and other perspectives, and to find a point from which to go forward with hope. 1a an expansive part The helper encourages the speaker to tell their story, and by using good active listening skills and demonstrating the core conditions, helps them to explore and unfold the tale, and to reflect. For some, this is enough, for others it is just the beginning. .as you summarised what I said, all the jumble began to make sense. Skills in Stage 1a:- active listening, reflecting, paraphrasing, checking understanding, open questions, summarising. Useful Questions: How do/did you feel about that? What are/were you thinking? What is/was that like for you? Keep them open! What else is there about that? 1b a challenging part Since they are in the situation, it can be difficult for the person speaking to see it clearly, or from different angles. With the help of empathic reflections and challenges, the speaker uncovers blind spots or gaps in their perceptions and assessment of the situation, of others and of  themselves their patterns, the impact of their behaviour on the situation, their strengths. Id never thought about how it might feel from my colleagues point of view. * Skills: Challenging; different perspectives, patterns and connections, shoulds and oughts, negative self-talk, blind spots (discrepancies, distortions, incomplete awareness, things implied, whats not said), ownership, specifics, strengths. * Useful Questions: * How do others see it/you? * Is there anything youve overlooked? * What does he/she think/feel? * What would s/he say about all this? * What about all of this is a problem for you? * Any other way of looking at it? 1c -Focussing and moving forward People often feel stuck; that is why they want to talk. In this stage, the helper seeks to move the speaker from stuckness to hope by helping Them choose an area that they have the energy to move forward on, that would make a difference and benefit them. I see now the key place to get started is my relationship with K * Skills: Facilitating focussing and prioritising an area to work on. * Useful Questions: * What in all of this is the most important? * What would be best to work on now? * What would make the most difference? * What is manageable? Stage 1 can be 5 minutes or 5 years; it may be all someone needs. Stage 2 What do I want instead? People often move from problem to action, or problem to solution, without reflecting on what they really want, or in what way their problems might be opportunities. Stage 2 is about this, about helping the speaker to open up a picture of what they really want, and how things could be better. This stage is very important in generating energy and hope. 2a a creative part The helper helps the speaker to brainstorm their ideal scenario; if you  could wake up tomorrow with everything just how you want it, like your ideal world, what would it be like? The speaker is encouraged to broaden their horizon and be imaginative, rather than reflect on practicalities. For some people this is scary, for some liberating. At first it was really difficult but after a while I Jet my imagination go and began to get really excited about what we could achieve in the department. * Skills: Brainstorming, facilitating imaginative thinking, i.e. * Quantity vs. Quality Anything goes have fun * Write down ideas verbatim, dont analyse or judge * Keep prompting what else? * Dont hurry, allow lots of time * Useful Questions: * What do you ideally want instead? * What would be happening? * What would you be doing/thinking/feeling? * What would you have that you dont have now? * What would it be like if it were better / a bit better? 2b a reality testing part From the creative and visionary brainstorm, the speaker formulates goals which are specific, measurable, achievable/appropriate (for them, in their circumstances), realistic (with reference to the real world), and have a time frame attached, i.e. SMART goals. Goals which are demanding yet achievable are motivating. It feels good to be clear that I want a clear understanding with my colleagues about our respective rules and responsibilities. * Skills: facilitating selecting and reality checking with respect to internal and external landscape. * Useful Questions: * What exactly is your goal? * How would you know when youve got there? * What could you manage/are you likely to achieve? * Which feels best for you? * Out of all that, what would be realistic? * When do you want to achieve it by? 2c moving forward This stage aims to test the realism of the goal before the person moves to action, and to help the speaker check their commitment to the goal by reviewing the costs and benefits to them of achieving it. Is it worth it? It feels risky but I need to resolve this. * Skills: facilitation of exploring costs and benefits, and checking commitment to goal. * Useful Questions: * What will be the benefits when you achieve this? * How will it be different for you when youve done this? * What will be the costs of doing this? Any disadvantages/downsides to doing this? Stage 3 How will I get there? This is the how stage how will the person move towards the goals they have identified in Stage 2? It is about possible strategies and specific actions, about doing something to get started, whilst considering what/who might help and hinder making the change. 3a another creative part! The speaker is helped to brainstorm strategies 101 ways to achieve the goal again with prompting and encouragement to think widely. What people, places, ideas, organisations could help? The aim is to free up the person to generate new and different ideas for action, breaking out of old mind-sets. There were gems of possibilities from seemingly crazy ideas. * Skills: Facilitation of brainstorming * Useful Questions: * How many different ways are there for you to do this? * Who/what might help? * What has worked before/for others? * What about some wild ideas? 3b focussing in on appropriate strategies What from the brainstorm might be selected as a strategy that is realistic for the speaker, in their circumstances, consistent with their values? Forcefield analysis can be used here to look at what internal and external factors (individuals and organisations) are likely to help and hinder action and how these can be strengthened or weakened respectively. I would feel comfortable trying to have a conversation with him about how he sees things. * Skills for Stage 3b: Facilitation of selecting and reality checking. * Useful Questions: * Which of these ideas appeals most? * Which is most likely to work for you? * Which are within your resources/control? 3c moving to action The aim is to help the speaker plan the next steps. The strategy is broken into bite-size chunks of action. Here the speaker is doing almost all the work, producing their action plan. The helper works with them to turn good intention into specific plans with time scales. Whilst being encouraging, its also important not to push the speaker into saying theyll do things to please the helper. I will make sure we have time together before the end of the month. I will book a meeting, so that we can be sure of quiet uninterrupted time. I will organise this before Friday. * Skills: Facilitation of action planning. * Useful Questions: * What will you do first? When? * What will you do next? When? If the end point of producing an action plan has been reached, the experience of trying it out could be the starting point for a follow-up mentoring/co-mentoring session. The work would start in stage I again, telling a new story. If an action plan had not been reached, thats fine too, and the model can be used over a series of sessions. The key in using the model, as with any theory or model, is to keep the speakers agenda central, the individual in the foreground and theory in the background, and to use the model for the person, rather than vice versa.